\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a SSH \u9078\u9805\uff0c\u5c07\u5e33\u865f\u9694\u96e2\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7684 chroot \u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9650\u5236\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u4f86\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u5730\u904d\u6b77\u95dc\u9375\u7cfb\u7d71\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 sshd_config \u4e2d\u5957\u7528 SSH Chroot \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

\u7576\u4f60\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u5e33\u865f\u5efa\u7acb chroot \u76e3\u7344\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u8f2f \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code>\u3002OpenSSH \u6703\u6839\u64da\u55ae\u4e00\u5e33\u865f\u6216\u7fa4\u7d44\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4f86\u8a55\u4f30\u53c3\u6578\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u91cd\u9ede\u5448\u73fe\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u5c0d\u689d\u4ef6\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u89c0\u5bdf\u9805\u76ee<\/th>\n	\u4f7f\u7528 Match User \u642d\u914d ChrootDirectory<\/th>\n	\u984d\u5916\u52a0\u5165 Match Group \u6307\u4ee4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8a2d\u5b9a\u91cd\u65b0\u8655\u7406<\/td>\n	\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6703\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff1b\u9664\u932f\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u6703\u986f\u793a\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 user test matched group list ...<\/code>\u3002<\/td>\n	\u7fa4\u7d44\u6bd4\u5c0d\u6703\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\u7a31\u70ba\u7a7a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5617\u8a66\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7522\u751f Can't match group ... because user does not exist<\/code>\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChrootDirectory \u884c\u70ba<\/td>\n	ChrootDirectory<\/code> \u6703\u88ab\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5957\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5957\u7528\u5230 C:\\<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 SFTP \u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u6703\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u9650\u5236\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u5167\u3002<\/td>\n	\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u91cd\u65b0\u8655\u7406\u5df2\u5931\u6557\uff0cChrootDirectory<\/code> \u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u7a69\u5b9a\u5957\u7528\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9023\u7dda\u7d50\u679c<\/td>\n	SFTP \u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u6210\u529f\uff1bpwd<\/code> \u8207\u76ee\u9304\u6e05\u55ae\u529f\u80fd\u7686\u53ef\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/td>\n	\u6703\u9593\u6b47\u6027\u51fa\u73fe Permission denied<\/code> \u6216 client_loop: send disconnect: Connection reset<\/code>\uff1b\u5931\u6557\u8868\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u5617\u8a66\u6b21\u6578\u800c\u7570\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> \u6a94\u6848\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u5be6\u65bd\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u9694\u96e2\uff1a<\/p>\n Subsystem sftp internal-sftp\r\n\r\nMatch Group sftpgroup\r\n ChrootDirectory \/sftp\/%u\r\n ForceCommand internal-sftp\r\n X11Forwarding no\r\n AllowTcpForwarding no<\/code><\/pre>\n \u8a2d\u5b9a Chroot \u76ee\u9304\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a<\/h3>\n \u56b4\u683c\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u898f\u5247\u652f\u914d\u8457 Linux \u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9694\u96e2\u74b0\u5883\u3002OpenSSH \u6703\u5728\u6388\u4e88\u5b58\u53d6\u6b0a\u9650\u4e4b\u524d\u9a57\u8b49\u6240\u6709\u7236\u5c64\u76ee\u9304\uff1a<\/p>\n sshd \u6703\u9a57\u8b49 chroot \u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u76ee\u9304\u90fd\u6b78 root \u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6216\u7fa4\u7d44\u5beb\u5165\u3002\u9a57\u8b49\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u6703 chroot \u5230\u8a72\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5207\u63db\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n \u4f60\u61c9\u4f9d\u7167\u9806\u5e8f\u57f7\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a SSH \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n \n \u4f7f\u7528 groupadd sftpgroup<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u7528\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002<\/li>\n \u4f7f\u7528 mkdir \/sftp<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb chroot \u6839\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u900f\u904e chown root:root \/sftp<\/code> \u8a2d\u5b9a\u64c1\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e chmod 755 \/sftp<\/code> \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6b0a\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n \u57f7\u884c useradd -g sftpgroup -s \/sbin\/nologin sftpuser<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709 shell \u5b58\u53d6\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u5e33\u865f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528 passwd sftpuser<\/code> \u8a2d\u5b9a\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002<\/li>\n \u5728\u8a72\u9694\u96e2\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0a\u50b3\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u57f7\u884c mkdir \/sftp\/sftpuser\/upload<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5b58\u53d6\u5c6c\u6027\uff1achown root:root \/sftp\/sftpuser<\/code> \u8207 chmod 777 \/sftp\/sftpuser\/upload<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n \u4f7f\u7528 systemctl restart sshd.service<\/code> \u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u5b88\u8b77\u884c\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u5728\u8a2d\u5b9a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u5e33\u865f\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u57f7\u884c\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n \n \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u5e33\u865f\u6642\u57f7\u884c useradd<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u6d3e\u57fa\u790e\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n \u4f7f\u7528 usermod -d \/sftp\/sftpuser\/upload sftpuser<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u73fe\u6709\u76ee\u9304\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/li>\n \u5957\u7528 usermod -s \/sbin\/nologin sftpuser<\/code> \u4f86\u505c\u7528\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f shell \u5b58\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n \u57f7\u884c usermod -aG sftpgroup sftpuser<\/code> \u5c07\u73fe\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u8a72\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002<\/li>\n \u5fc5\u9808\u4fdd\u6301\u7236\u5c64\u76ee\u9304\u6b78 root \u6240\u6709\uff0c\u5426\u5247 chroot \u904e\u7a0b\u5c07\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u9019\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684 chroot jail \u8a2d\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u50b3\u8f38\u9650\u5236\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u74b0\u5883\u5167\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u963b\u6b62\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c0e\u89bd\u8d8a\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u91d1\u9470\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2d\u5b9a AuthorizedKeysFile \/home\/%u\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u91d1\u9470\u9a57\u8b49\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9032\u5165 chroot \u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u5beb\u5165\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7dad\u6301\u76e3\u7344\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u540c\u6642\u5141\u8a31\u6a94\u6848\u4e0a\u50b3\u8207\u50b3\u8f38\u3002<\/p>\n \u900f\u904e POSIX \u6b0a\u9650\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u9810\u8a2d\u7684 Linux \u8a2d\u5b9a\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5141\u8a31\u975e root \u5e33\u865f\u67e5\u770b\u5171\u7528\u7cfb\u7d71\u8def\u5f91\u4e0b\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u975e\u7279\u6b0a\u5e33\u865f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u7236\u5c64\u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u8abf\u6574\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5fb9\u5e95\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\u3002\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u6a5f\u5bc6\u8cc7\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n \u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6703\u4fee\u6539 POSIX \u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d8a\u6b0a\u700f\u89bd\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76ee\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f37\u5316\u7236\u5c64 Home \u76ee\u9304\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n \u6a19\u6e96 Linux \u5b89\u88dd\u901a\u5e38\u5141\u8a31\u5e33\u865f\u67e5\u770b\u5171\u7528\u7236\u5c64\u8def\u5f91\u4e0b\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u9019\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n \u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9078\u9805\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u9304\u9032\u5165\u8207\u6a94\u6848\u6e05\u55ae\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n \n chmod 750 \/home<\/code>\uff1a\u6388\u4e88\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u5b8c\u6574\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u7fa4\u7d44\u6210\u54e1\u8b80\u53d6\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e33\u865f\u4e0d\u6388\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n chmod 711 \/home<\/code>\uff1a\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5e33\u865f\u6388\u4e88\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8d8a \/home<\/code> \u9032\u884c\u8def\u5f91\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u76ee\u9304\u6e05\u55ae\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u9019\u4e9b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u80fd\u5920\u963b\u6b62\u975e\u7279\u6b0a\u5e33\u865f\u679a\u8209\u4e3b\u6a5f\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4fdd\u7559\u5408\u6cd5\u5e33\u865f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8def\u5f91\u904d\u6b77\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n \u4fdd\u8b77\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u6b0a\u9650<\/h3>\n \u5728\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u8981\u7236\u5c64\u76ee\u9304\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u5fc5\u9808\u9396\u5b9a\u55ae\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6b0a\u9650\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u8a2d\u5b9a chmod 700<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u53ea\u7d66\u76ee\u9304\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u6388\u4e88\u8b80\u53d6\u3001\u5beb\u5165\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650\u3002\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u6703\u963b\u6b62\u7fa4\u7d44\u6210\u54e1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u90e8\u5e33\u865f\u67e5\u770b\u79c1\u4eba\u6a94\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n OpenSSH \u6703\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u9a57\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6aa2\u67e5\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6a19\u5e33\u865f\u76ee\u9304\u6b0a\u9650\u904e\u65bc\u5bec\u9b06\uff0c\u9060\u7aef SSH \u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u62d2\u7d55\u9023\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n \u6a21\u5f0f<\/th>\n \u64c1\u6709\u8005<\/th>\n \u7fa4\u7d44<\/th>\n \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba<\/th>\n \u5b89\u5168\u610f\u6db5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n 700<\/td>\n \u8b80\u53d6\u3001\u5beb\u5165\u3001\u57f7\u884c<\/td>\n \u7121<\/td>\n \u7121<\/td>\n \u5c07\u5b58\u53d6\u6b0a\u9650\u5b8c\u5168\u9396\u5b9a\u7d66\u76ee\u6a19\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n 755<\/td>\n \u8b80\u53d6\u3001\u5beb\u5165\u3001\u57f7\u884c<\/td>\n \u8b80\u53d6\u3001\u57f7\u884c<\/td>\n \u8b80\u53d6\u3001\u57f7\u884c<\/td>\n \u5141\u8a31\u5916\u90e8\u5e33\u865f\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u5957\u7528 700 \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u53f0\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7dad\u6301\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5e33\u865f\u9694\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n \u5be6\u65bd\u53d7\u9650 Shell \u8207\u547d\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u7f72\u53d7\u9650 shell \u4f86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\u53d7\u9650 shell \u80fd\u9396\u5b9a\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u4e26\u963b\u6b62\u5e33\u865f\u96e2\u958b\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n \u8a2d\u5b9a Restricted Bash Shell \u74b0\u5883<\/h3>\n \u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u9650 shell \u4f86\u963b\u6b62 SSH \u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u8a8d\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728 rbash<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7f3a\u5c11\u9810\u8a2d\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u6a94\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e \/usr\/bin\/bash<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u5411 \/usr\/bin\/rbash<\/code> \u7684\u7b26\u865f\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5e33\u865f\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u73fe\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u5e33\u865f\u6642\u4f7f\u7528 useradd -s \/usr\/bin\/rbash newuser<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a rbash<\/code> \u4f5c\u70ba\u767b\u5165 shell\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 usermod -s \/usr\/bin\/rbash targetuser<\/code> \u4f86\u4fee\u6539\u73fe\u6709\u76ee\u6a19\u5e33\u865f\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u4f55\u6642\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0 shell \u6307\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u57f7\u884c usermod<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u9077\u79fb\u5e33\u865f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u547c\u53eb usermod<\/code> \u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6703\u900f\u904e\u57f7\u884c usermod<\/code> \u4f86\u7dad\u8b77\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u7ba1\u7406\u5e33\u865f\u7684 shell \u908a\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u81ea\u8a02\u547d\u4ee4\u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u6a94<\/h3>\n \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5be6\u65bd\u8def\u5f91\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u57f7\u884c\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u6a94\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7531 root \u64c1\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \/home\/targetuser\/.bin<\/code>\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b89\u5168\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5c08\u7528\u76ee\u9304\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u53ea\u5c07\u88ab\u6838\u51c6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u8a72\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ls<\/code>\u3001su<\/code> \u548c clear<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94 .bashrc<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u7fa9 PATH=$HOME\/.bin<\/code> \u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a umask 077<\/code>\u3002\u4f60\u9084\u61c9\u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u6539\u70ba root:targetuser<\/code>\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5e33\u865f\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u555f\u52d5\u8173\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0b\u8868\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u53d7\u9650 shell \u5167\u5efa\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8b77\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n \n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n rbash \u9650\u5236<\/th>\n \u5b83\u6240\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u884c\u70ba<\/th>\n \u5be6\u969b\u8868\u73fe\u8b49\u64da<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n cd<\/code> \u88ab\u505c\u7528<\/td>\n \u8b8a\u66f4\u76ee\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u9304<\/td>\n cd \/tmp<\/code> \u6703\u56e0 \u201crestricted\u201d \u932f\u8aa4\u800c\u5931\u6557<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n exec<\/code>\u3001set<\/code>\u3001unset<\/code> \u88ab\u963b\u6b62<\/td>\n \u4fee\u6539 shell \u74b0\u5883\u53ca\u555f\u52d5\u65b0 shell \u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5<\/td>\n exec bash<\/code> \u6703\u56e0 \u201crestricted\u201d \u932f\u8aa4\u800c\u5931\u6557<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u91cd\u65b0\u5c0e\u5411\u88ab\u505c\u7528<\/td>\n \u900f\u904e ><\/code>\u3001<<\/code>\u3001>><\/code> \u5beb\u5165\u6216\u8b80\u53d6\u6a94\u6848<\/td>\n echo \"Test\" > test.txt<\/code> \u6703\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u5305\u542b \/<\/code> \u7684\u8def\u5f91\u540d\u7a31\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55<\/td>\n \u900f\u904e\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8def\u5f91\u5728 PATH \u4e4b\u5916\u555f\u52d5\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u5617\u8a66\u57f7\u884c \/bin\/ls<\/code> \u6703\u56e0 \u201crestricted\u201d \u932f\u8aa4\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n PATH \u88ab\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684 bin<\/code><\/td>\n \u57f7\u884c\u5141\u8a31\u6e05\u55ae\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u53ea\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u50cf hello.sh<\/code> \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u767d\u540d\u55ae\u8173\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n SSH \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u53d7 rbash \u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u963b\u6b62<\/td>\n \u8a3b\u89e3\u6307\u51fa ssh some_host any_command<\/code> \u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u9650 shell \u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u555f\u52d5\u672a\u6838\u51c6\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u76ee\u9304\u5207\u63db\uff0c\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u95dc\u9375\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n \u9a57\u8b49\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9694\u96e2\u8207\u5b58\u53d6\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u6e2c\u8a66 SFTP \u8207 Shell \u908a\u754c\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n \u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5be6\u969b\u7684 SFTP \u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49 chroot jail \u53c3\u6578\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548\u3002\u9019\u9805\u6e2c\u8a66\u80fd\u5920\u78ba\u8a8d\u9060\u7aef\u5e33\u865f\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9396\u5b9a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u908a\u754c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5167\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u555f\u7d42\u7aef\u6a5f\uff0c\u900f\u904e SSH \u57f7\u884c sftp user@host<\/code> \u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u50b3\u8f38\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6703\u5728\u767b\u5165\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u5be6\u65bd\u76ee\u9304\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> \u4e2d\u8a2d\u5b9a ForceCommand internal-sftp<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u80fd\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u9650\u5236\u70ba\u6a94\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u4e9b\u56b4\u683c\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\u9650\u5236\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7d71\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u8981\u8a55\u4f30\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u9650\u5236\u3002\u900f\u904e\u57f7\u884c ssh user@host<\/code> \u555f\u52d5\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u53d7\u9650 shell \u6703\u963b\u6b62\u6539\u8b8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u50cf pwd<\/code>\u3001echo<\/code> \u548c history<\/code> \u9019\u6a23\u7684 shell \u5167\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7531 bash \u5728\u5167\u90e8\u8655\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u9396\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u8def\u5f91\u5f8c\uff0c\u50cf ls<\/code>\u3001date<\/code> \u6216 uname<\/code> \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c07\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u6557\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u53d7\u9650 shell \u6703\u62d2\u7d55\u57f7\u884c\u8d8a\u754c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u6a94\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u963b\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8b8a\u66f4\u74b0\u5883\u8def\u5f91\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 chroot jail \u8a2d\u5b9a\u5247\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u5e33\u865f\u9694\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n \u9a57\u8b49 SSH \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\u8207\u76ee\u9304\u904d\u6b77\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u6e2c\u8a66\u76ee\u9304\u5c0e\u89bd\u63a7\u5236\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49 SSH \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8acb\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f60\u7684 chroot jail \u5be6\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n \n \u4ee5\u53d7\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8eab\u5206\u767b\u5165\uff1assh jailuser@localhost<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n \u5728\u9060\u7aef shell \u4e2d\u5207\u63db\u5230\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u9304\uff1acd \/<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n \u4f7f\u7528 ls<\/code> \u6aa2\u8996\u76ee\u9304\uff1b\u61c9\u7576\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u76e3\u7344\u5167\u90e8\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/li>\n \u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e cd ..<\/code> \u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\uff1b\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u61c9\u4ecd\u505c\u7559\u5728 \/<\/code>\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u76ee\u9304\u904d\u6b77\u5df2\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n \u5728\u7a3d\u6838\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u9a57\u8b49 chroot \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u555f\u7528\uff1asudo grep -i chroot \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u9019\u5957\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u6e2c\u8a66\u6d41\u7a0b\u80fd\u5920\u78ba\u8a8d\u7cfb\u7d71\u908a\u754c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u9060\u7aef\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n \u6e2c\u8a66\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684 chroot jail \u8a2d\u5b9a\u771f\u6b63\u9694\u96e2\u5e33\u865f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6d29\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u57f7\u884c\u5be6\u969b\u6e2c\u8a66\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u9694\u96e2\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u57f7\u884c ssh user@host<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u9060\u7aef\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u57f7\u884c pwd<\/code>\uff0c\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u4f7f\u7528 cd ..<\/code> \u9032\u884c\u76ee\u9304\u5c0e\u89bd\u3002\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u61c9\u5c07\u4f60\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u9396\u5b9a\u5728\u76ee\u6a19\u76ee\u9304\u7d50\u69cb\u5167\u90e8\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u5b9a\u671f\u5c0d Linux \u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u6b0a\u9650\u9032\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u7a3d\u6838\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6b0a\u9650\u56de\u9000\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u7dad\u8b77\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f60\u9084\u61c9\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u76e1\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u672a\u6388\u6b0a\u5b58\u53d6\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u6aa2\u67e5 \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code>\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u57f7\u884c journalctl -u ssh<\/code>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\u65e5\u8a8c\u6703\u986f\u793a\u767b\u5165\u9a57\u8b49\u8a73\u60c5\uff0c\u4e26\u7acb\u5373\u8a18\u9304\u5931\u6557\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u904d\u6b77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6301\u7e8c\u6aa2\u67e5\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u9577\u671f\u7dad\u6301\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5e33\u865f\u908a\u754c\u63a7\u5236\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n \u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728 chroot jail \u4e0a\u8a2d\u5b9a\u932f\u8aa4\u6b0a\u9650\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4 SSH \u5931\u6557\uff1f<\/h3>\n OpenSSH \u6703\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u5728\u555f\u52d5 chroot jail \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7236\u76ee\u9304\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6b78 root \u6240\u6709\u3002\u7fa4\u7d44\u5beb\u5165\u6b0a\u9650\u6703\u7834\u58de\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u6aa2\u67e5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u74b0\u5883\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6703\u88ab\u8df3\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b shell \u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5c07\u5e33\u865f\u9650\u5236\u5728 jail \u4e2d\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5e33\u865f\u7684 shell \u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba \/sbin\/nologin<\/code>\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a ForceCommand internal-sftp<\/code>\u3002\u9019\u9805\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6703\u5c07\u9060\u7aef\u6a94\u6848\u50b3\u8f38\u9650\u5236\u5728\u6307\u5b9a jail \u5167\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n \u5e33\u865f\u80fd\u5426\u5728 Linux \u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u9003\u96e2\u5176\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u53d7\u9650 shell \u6703\u963b\u6b62\u50cf cd<\/code> \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c0e\u89bd\u5167\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u62d2\u7d55\u8def\u5f91\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u53ca\u5141\u8a31\u8def\u5f91\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u96e2\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n \u54ea\u4e9b\u6b0a\u9650\u8a2d\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u76ee\u9304\u5957\u7528 chmod 700<\/code>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u547d\u4ee4\u50c5\u5411\u76ee\u9304\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u6388\u4e88\u5b8c\u6574\u5b58\u53d6\u6b0a\u9650\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d \/home<\/code> \u8a2d\u5b9a chmod 750<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u975e\u7279\u6b0a\u5e33\u865f\u8b80\u53d6\u7236\u5c64\u8def\u5f91\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u4f55\u78ba\u8a8d chroot \u5df2\u9694\u96e2 SSH \u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e SSH \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u908a\u754c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u57f7\u884c cd ..<\/code> \u6aa2\u67e5\u76ee\u9304\u904d\u6b77\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u6703\u5c07\u4f60\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u9396\u5b9a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64 jail \u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7cfb\u7d71\u65e5\u8a8c\u6703\u78ba\u8a8d chroot \u5df2\u6b63\u78ba\u555f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7d50\u5408\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u898f\u5247\u8207\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5e33\u865f\u9694\u96e2\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u5f37\u5316 Linux \u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a SSH \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b58\u53d6 […]<\/p>\n Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34092,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[12819,12820,12821,12822,12823],"class_list":["post-34095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hong-kong-dedicated-server-tc","tag-ssh-user-access-restriction","tag-linux-home-directory-permissions","tag-sftp-directory-isolation","tag-openssh-security-settings","tag-hongkong-hosting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n