{"id":14854,"date":"2024-08-21T13:48:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T05:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simcentric.com\/uncategorized-tc\/how-can-you-manage-nginx-config-security-and-performance\/"},"modified":"2024-08-21T13:54:54","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T05:54:54","slug":"how-can-you-manage-nginx-config-security-and-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.simcentric.com\/tc\/hong-kong-dedicated-server-tc\/how-can-you-manage-nginx-config-security-and-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406 Nginx\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d,Nginx<\/a><\/strong>\u6191\u85c9\u5176\u7121\u8207\u502b\u6bd4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa,\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u7684\u9752\u775e\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u60a8\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u79df\u7528<\/a><\/strong>\u74b0\u5883,\u9084\u662f\u76e3\u7763\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a17\u7ba1\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd,\u638c\u63e1Nginx\u7684\u9032\u968e\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6307\u5357\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86Nginx\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027,\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5f9e\u9032\u968e\u914d\u7f6e\u6280\u8853\u5230\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\u9032\u968eNginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6280\u8853<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nginx\u5f37\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9032\u968e\u7b56\u7565:<\/p>\n

\u638c\u63e1\u914d\u7f6e\u6a94\u6848\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

Nginx\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u6a94\u6848,\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u65bc`\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf`,\u662f\u60a8\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7136\u800c,\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027,\u5229\u7528include\u6307\u4ee4\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8a31\u60a8\u6a21\u7d44\u5316\u914d\u7f6e,\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u6613\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6392\u9664\u6545\u969c\u3002\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7d50\u69cb:<\/p>\n

http {\r\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/*.conf;\r\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/*;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u4f7f\u60a8\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u6210\u908f\u8f2f\u55ae\u5143\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7528\u65bcSSL\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3001\u5feb\u53d6\u7b56\u7565,\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7db2\u57df\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5340\u584a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5236\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u4e3b\u6a5f\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
\u865b\u64ec\u4e3b\u6a5f\u662f\u591a\u7db2\u57df\u540d\u7a31\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u5efa\u5340\u584a\u3002\u8981\u5275\u5efa\u865b\u64ec\u4e3b\u6a5f,\u8acb\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9a5f:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u5728`\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/`\u4e2d\u5275\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6a94\u6848<\/li>\n
  2. \u5c07\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u7b26\u865f\u9023\u7d50\u5230`\/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/`<\/li>\n
  3. \u4f7f\u7528\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5340\u584a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u865b\u64ec\u4e3b\u6a5f\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b:<\/p>\n
    server {\r\n    listen 80;\r\n    server_name example.com www.example.com;\r\n    root \/var\/www\/example.com;\r\n    index index.html index.htm index.php;\r\n\r\n    location \/ {\r\n        try_files $uri $uri\/ \/index.php?$query_string;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    location ~ \\.php$ {\r\n        fastcgi_pass unix:\/var\/run\/php\/php7.4-fpm.sock;\r\n        fastcgi_index index.php;\r\n        include fastcgi_params;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    location ~ \/\\.ht {\r\n        deny all;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u914d\u7f6e\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u652f\u63f4PHP\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9,\u4e26\u5305\u542b\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5b58\u53d6.htaccess\u6a94\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u9632\u706b\u7246\u914d\u7f6e\u52a0\u5f37\u60a8\u7684Nginx\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d,\u5b89\u5168\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6f5b\u5728\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u57fa\u65bcDebian\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71<\/a><\/strong>,Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW)\u70baiptables\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5b83:<\/p>\n
    sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'\r\nsudo ufw enable\r\nsudo ufw status\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u914d\u7f6e\u5141\u8a31HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u8981\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u63a7\u5236,\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u9023\u63a5\u57e0:<\/p>\n
    sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'\r\nsudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u7684\u4eba,\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u914d\u7f6e:<\/p>\n
    sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\r\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT\r\nsudo iptables-save > \/etc\/iptables\/rules.v4\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f,\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u5132\u5b58\u5230\u5728\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u8f09\u5165\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d,\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u5f8c\u4fdd\u6301\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n
    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528Let’s Encrypt\u5be6\u65bd\u5f37\u5927\u7684SSL\/TLS<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u96b1\u79c1\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6642\u4ee3,SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u53ef\u9078\u7684\u3002Let’s Encrypt\u63d0\u4f9b\u514d\u8cbb\u7684SSL\u6191\u8b49,\u4f7f\u4fdd\u8b77\u60a8\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Let’s Encrypt\u5be6\u65bdSSL\/TLS\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u6307\u5357:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5b89\u88ddCertbot\u548c\u5176Nginx\u63d2\u4ef6:\n
      sudo apt-get update\r\nsudo apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-nginx\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u53d6\u5f97\u4e26\u5b89\u88dd\u6191\u8b49:\n
      sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \u6309\u7167\u63d0\u793a\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88dd,\u4e26\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u5426\u5f37\u5236\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Certbot\u5c07\u81ea\u52d5\u4fee\u6539\u60a8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u6191\u8b49\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u6642\u4efb\u52d9\u7528\u65bc\u81ea\u52d5\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8981\u6e2c\u8a66\u66f4\u65b0\u904e\u7a0b,\u8acb\u57f7\u884c:<\/p>\n
      sudo certbot renew --dry-run\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8981\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027,\u8003\u616e\u901a\u904e\u5728\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5340\u584a\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9\u4f86\u5be6\u73feHSTS(HTTP\u56b4\u683c\u50b3\u8f38\u5b89\u5168):<\/p>\n
      add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains\" always;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
      \u9032\u968e\u6548\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u6280\u8853<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      \u6700\u4f73\u5316Nginx\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u60a8\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9032\u968e\u6280\u8853:<\/p>\n
      \u5be6\u65bd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684Gzip\u58d3\u7e2e<\/h3>\n
      Gzip\u58d3\u7e2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u50b3\u8f38\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u7684`nginx.conf`\u6216\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5340\u584a\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9:<\/p>\n
      gzip on;\r\ngzip_vary on;\r\ngzip_min_length 1000;\r\ngzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;\r\ngzip_types text\/plain text\/css text\/xml text\/javascript application\/x-javascript application\/xml application\/json;\r\ngzip_disable \"MSIE [1-6]\\.\";\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5feb\u53d6\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n
      \u6709\u6548\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8ca0\u8f09\u4e26\u6539\u5584\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5728\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5340\u584a\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u5feb\u53d6:<\/p>\n
      location ~* \\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {\r\n    expires 30d;\r\n    add_header Cache-Control \"public, no-transform\";\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5c0d\u65bc\u52d5\u614b\u5167\u5bb9,\u8003\u616e\u5be6\u65bd\u5fae\u5feb\u53d6:<\/p>\n
      fastcgi_cache_path \/tmp\/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=MYAPP:100m inactive=60m;\r\nfastcgi_cache_key \"$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri\";\r\n\r\nserver {\r\n    set $no_cache 0;\r\n    \r\n    if ($request_method = POST) {\r\n        set $no_cache 1;\r\n    }\r\n    if ($query_string != \"\") {\r\n        set $no_cache 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    location ~ \\.php$ {\r\n        fastcgi_cache MYAPP;\r\n        fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;\r\n        fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_503;\r\n        fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;\r\n        fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5fae\u8abf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u9023\u7dda<\/h3>\n
      \u6839\u64da\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6700\u4f73\u5316Nginx\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f:<\/p>\n
      worker_processes auto;\r\nworker_rlimit_nofile 65535;\r\n\r\nevents {\r\n    worker_connections 65535;\r\n    multi_accept on;\r\n    use epoll;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      Nginx\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      \u5373\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u6700\u4f73,\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u9032\u884c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981:<\/p>\n
      \u638c\u63e1\u932f\u8aa4\u65e5\u8a8c\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n
      \u932f\u8aa4\u65e5\u8a8c\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u65bc`\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log`\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u5373\u6642\u76e3\u63a7\u5b83\u5011:<\/p>\n
      tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5c0d\u65bc\u66f4\u9032\u968e\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5206\u6790,\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528GoAccess\u6216ELK Stack(Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u89e3\u6c7a\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4<\/h3>\n