\u5f53\u4f60\u9047\u5230 HTTP 502 \u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u6c38\u8fdc\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f1a\u51c6\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86 502\u3002\u5148\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u7740\u67e5\u770b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u8c03\u6574\u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5148\u770b\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002Nginx \u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u51fa\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21 Nginx \u4e2d\u7684 bad gateway \u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u7559\u4e0b\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u731c\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4f4d Nginx \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n

\u4f60\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5 Nginx \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u901a\u5e38\u662f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684 server block \u4f7f\u7528 \/var\/log\/nginx\/your-site-error.log\u3002\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u51c6\u786e\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u4f60\u7684 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u67e5\u627e error_log \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u8bf7\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u91cd\u73b0 502 Bad Gateway \u9519\u8bef\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230 Nginx \u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 grep \u8fc7\u6ee4\u7279\u5b9a\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd0\u884c tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log | grep upstream\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b upstream \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\u3002\u8fc7\u6ee4\u540e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u805a\u7126\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u65e0\u5173\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u5305\u542b upstream \u6216 connect \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bc6\u522b\u5e38\u89c1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d88\u606f<\/h3>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u56db\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f60\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d88\u606f<\/th>\n	\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0<\/th>\n	\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
connect() failed (111: Connection refused)<\/code><\/td>\n	\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6216 proxy_pass<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n	\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u6548\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
upstream timed out<\/code><\/td>\n	\u5e94\u7528\u8fc7\u6162\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc7\u6162\uff0c\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d<\/td>\n	\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d85\u65f6\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
upstream prematurely closed connection<\/code><\/td>\n	\u5e94\u7528\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\uff0c\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n	\u5bf9\u7167\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u6392\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
no live upstreams<\/code><\/td>\n	\u4e0a\u6e38\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7aef\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/td>\n	\u68c0\u67e5\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u662f connect() failed (111: Connection refused)\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u5b95\u673a\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u6b63\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f upstream prematurely closed connection\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4e0a\u6e38\u540e\uff0c\u4e0a\u6e38\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b8c\u6574\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u65ad\u5f00\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u660e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n \n \u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u77ed\u800c\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u6536\u5230 FIN \u6216 RST \u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n \u4e0a\u6e38\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a RST \u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n \u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u90fd\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u65e9\u5173\u95ed\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d1\u7ed9 Nginx \u7684\u65e0\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f 502 Bad Gateway\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5d29\u6e83\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8d85\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5b83\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n \u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u540e\u7aef\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u6839\u672c\u672a\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u662f 502 Bad Gateway \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u67e5\u770b\u5b8c\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u6e38\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u5740\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u591a\u6570\u89e6\u53d1\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u7684 Nginx \u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53 Nginx \u4ece\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u65e0\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\u6216\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n \u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/h3>\n \u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 systemd \u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5 PHP-FPM \u6216 Gunicorn \u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u901a\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n systemctl status <service-name><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u4efb\u4f55\u7531 systemd \u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Node.js\u3001PHP-FPM \u6216 Gunicorn\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n \u5c06 <service-name><\/code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e PHP \u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff1a<\/p>\n sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm<\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5 PHP-FPM \u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n \u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e09\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1aactive\u3001inactive \u6216 failed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u5230 active \u4e14\u5e26\u6709 running \u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u670d\u52a1\u8fd8\u6d3b\u7740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230 inactive \u6216 failed\uff0c\u5c31\u7528 sudo systemctl start <service-name><\/code> \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5 502 \u662f\u5426\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u662f active\uff0c\u4f46\u9519\u8bef\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0 upstream server is unavailable \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 ps aux | grep node<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u5728\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002Node.js \u5e94\u7528\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u9759\u9ed8\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u7684 Node \u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u4f1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u660e\u663e\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u9000\u51fa\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u50cf PM2 \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/h3>\n \u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u76d1\u542c\u5728\u4f60\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u5728\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 upstream server is unavailable \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002Nginx \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u8bb0\u4e3a upstream server down\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Nginx \u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 curl -v http:\/\/localhost:PORT<\/code> \u6d4b\u8bd5\u76f4\u8fde\u3002\u5c06 PORT \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6e38\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u82e5\u54cd\u5e94\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5e94\u7528\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0 Connection refused<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u786e\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u68c0\u67e5\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a proxy_pass \u6307\u4ee4\u6539\u6210\u6b63\u786e\u503c\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 telnet \u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c telnet <upstream-ip> <port><\/code>\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5c4f\u5e55\u5e76\u95ea\u70c1\u5149\u6807\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a Connection refused<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e Nginx Proxy Manager \u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\uff0c502 \u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u6e38\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Nginx \u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u8fd0\u884c Nginx Proxy Manager \u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c curl\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a Web \u754c\u9762\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c curl \u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46 Nginx \u4ecd\u7136\u8fd4\u56de 502 Bad Gateway\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u5728\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c curl \u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u5148\u4fee\u590d\u5e94\u7528\u76d1\u542c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n \u6392\u9664\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u62e6\u622a<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u4e91\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728 Nginx \u4e0e\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u6084\u6084\u62e6\u622a\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46 Nginx \u4ecd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de 502\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4e22\u5f03\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n \u68c0\u67e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n \u5148\u4ece\u5217\u51fa Nginx \u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u547d\u4ee4 iptables -L -n -v<\/code> \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u94fe\uff08\u5305\u62ec INPUT\u3001OUTPUT \u548c FORWARD\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ca\u5176\u5339\u914d\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u6b64\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53d1\u5f80\u7279\u5b9a\u4e0a\u6e38\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u3002\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u662f iptables -L<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n \u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u5ba1\u67e5\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\uff1a<\/p>\n \n sudo iptables -S<\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u53ef\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa INPUT\u3001FORWARD \u548c OUTPUT \u94fe\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u90fd\u4e3a ACCEPT\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u989d\u5916\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n sudo iptables -L<\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u8868\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a INPUT\u3001FORWARD \u548c OUTPUT \u94fe\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5141\u8bb8 RELATED,ESTABLISHED \u8fde\u63a5\u7684 ACCEPT \u89c4\u5219\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 Nginx \u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u6216\u7f51\u7edc ACL\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 iptables \u770b\u5230\u6d41\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u8fde\u63a5\u62e6\u622a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528 curl \u548c telnet \u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n \u67e5\u770b\u89c4\u5219\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u624d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002\u5728 Nginx \u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c curl -v http:\/\/<upstream-ip>:<port><\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u901a\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u6302\u8d77\u6216\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u62e6\u622a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 telnet <upstream-ip> <port><\/code> \u505a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u767d\u5c4f\u5e55\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u95ea\u70c1\u5149\u6807\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\uff1b\u82e5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u62e6\u622a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u672c\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4fee\u590d\u89c4\u5219\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4e00\u65e6 Nginx \u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u901a\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c502 \u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n \u8c03\u6574\u8d85\u65f6\u4e0e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f<\/h2>\n \u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u88ab Nginx \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a 502 \u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7aef\u8017\u65f6\u592a\u4e45\uff0cNginx \u6700\u7ec8\u653e\u5f03\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u5173\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u662f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n \u8c03\u6574 proxy_read_timeout \u548c proxy_connect_timeout<\/h3>\n \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236 Nginx \u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u3002proxy_connect_timeout<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6e38\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u9650\uff1bproxy_read_timeout<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49 Nginx \u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0a\u6e38\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u6700\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4efb\u4e00\u9650\u5236\u5230\u671f\uff0cNginx \u5c31\u4f1a\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de 502\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8f83\u91cd\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u8d85\u65f6\uff1b\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684 API \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u77ed\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u90fd\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u6e38\u672c\u8eab\u786e\u5b9e\u8fc7\u6162\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d85\u65f6\u53ea\u662f\u63a9\u76d6\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5148\u8c03\u67e5\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e3a\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u589e\u5927 proxy_buffer_size<\/h3>\n \u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1 502\u3002Nginx \u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6e38\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u5206\u914d\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 4k \u6216 8k\u3002\u5f53\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u65f6\uff0cNginx \u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n \u6839\u636e\u539f\u59cb\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u50cf Laravel \u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8f83\u957f\u4f1a\u8bdd Cookie \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u67d0\u4e9b\u5355\u70b9\u767b\u5f55\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd4\u56de\u5927\u91cf Set-Cookie \u5934\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 4k \u6216 8k proxy_buffer_size<\/code>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4 502 \u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06 proxy_buffer_size<\/code> \u8c03\u5927\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u4f60\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u628a proxy_buffer_size<\/code> \u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u503c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u5e76\u8003\u8651 proxy_buffers<\/code> \u548c proxy_busy_buffers_size<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8db3\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5b8c\u6574\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5934\u90e8\u76f8\u5173\u7684 502 \u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n \u786e\u8ba4 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u4e0a\u6e38\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u628a Nginx \u6307\u5411\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5e94\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u8fd0\u884c\u826f\u597d\uff0c502 \u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u67e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed4\u7ec6\u68c0\u67e5 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n \u68c0\u67e5 proxy_pass \u548c upstream \u5757<\/h3>\n proxy_pass<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u544a\u8bc9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7684 Nginx\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u5b83\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u51fa\u5728 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6253\u5f00\u4f60\u7684 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5173 location \u5757\u4e2d\u7684 proxy_pass<\/code> \u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6e38\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u5740\u9010\u4e00\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u6216 socket \u8def\u5f84\u5199\u9519\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u76d1\u542c 8080\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u5374\u5199\u6210\u4e86 8081\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 502\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 upstream<\/code> \u5757\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4e00\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u3002upstream \u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\uff0c\u968f\u540e proxy_pass<\/code> \u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 502\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u786e\u8ba4\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 curl \u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u80fd\u8282\u7701\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n \u786e\u8ba4 location \u5757\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n Nginx \u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406 location \u5757\u3002\u5b83\u5148\u5339\u914d\u524d\u7f00 location\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6309\u7167\u4e66\u5199\u987a\u5e8f\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219 location\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684 location \u5757\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u540c\u4e00 URI \u7684 location \u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf7\u6c42\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5757\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e \/api<\/code> \u7684 location \u5757\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u540e\u7aef A\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e \/<\/code> \u7684 location \u5757\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u540e\u7aef B\u3002\u5982\u679c \/api<\/code> \u7684\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bbf\u95ee \/api\/login<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5148\u547d\u4e2d \/<\/code>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u8f6c\u7ed9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u7684\u540e\u7aef B\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u51fa\u73b0 502\u3002\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u68c0\u67e5 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d location \u5757\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5e94\u628a\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5757\u653e\u5728\u515c\u5e95\u5757\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 =<\/code> \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 curl \u6d4b\u8bd5\u770b\u770b\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a location \u5757\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7406\u89e3 location \u5339\u914d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u5feb\u4fee\u590d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8def\u7531\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u987a\u5e8f\u786e\u8ba4\u6b63\u786e\uff0c502 \u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n \u4fee\u590d PHP-FPM \u4e0e Socket \u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n PHP-FPM \u662f Nginx \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u82e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6216 listen \u6307\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 502 \u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca socket \u6743\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0e PHP-FPM \u6709\u5173\u7684 502 \u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u786e\u8ba4 PHP-FPM \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u72b6\u6001<\/h3>\n \u4f7f\u7528 sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5 PHP-FPM \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8bf7\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b89\u88c5\u7248\u672c\u8c03\u6574\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e active \u4e14 running \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f inactive \u6216 failed\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd0\u884c sudo systemctl start php8.1-fpm<\/code> \u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u89e3\u51b3 502\u3002<\/p>\n \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1 PHP-FPM \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684 listen \u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/php-fpm.d\/www.conf<\/code>\u3002listen \u6307\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740\u6216 socket \u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0e Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684 fastcgi_pass<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 502\u3002\u8fd0\u884c grep '^listen =' \/etc\/php-fpm.d\/www.conf<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Unix socket\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u5dee\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f TCP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7aef\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n \u4fee\u6b63 Unix Socket \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/h3>\n \u5f53 listen \u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528 Unix socket \u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002Nginx \u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8be5 socket \u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n \n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9879<\/th>\n \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c \/ \u793a\u4f8b\u503c<\/th>\n \u7528\u9014<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n listen.owner<\/td>\n nobody\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ce8\u91ca\u503c\uff09<\/td>\n Unix socket \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n listen.group<\/td>\n nobody\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ce8\u91ca\u503c\uff09<\/td>\n Unix socket \u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n listen.mode<\/td>\n 0666\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ce8\u91ca\u503c\uff09<\/td>\n \u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n user<\/td>\n apache<\/td>\n PHP-FPM \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n group<\/td>\n apache<\/td>\n PHP-FPM \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n socket \u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3 TLS \u63e1\u624b\u5931\u8d25<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u6e38\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS\uff0c\u5c31\u53c8\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002Nginx \u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c TLS \u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u534f\u5546\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u6536\u5230\u6709\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd4\u56de 502\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u660e\u663e\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u6e38\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h3>\n \u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u3001\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bc1\u4e66\u6240\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u63e1\u624b\u5931\u8d25\u3002Nginx \u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0a\u6e38\u8eab\u4efd\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u4ece Nginx \u4e3b\u673a\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002openssl s client \u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8bf8\u5982 Verify return code: 0 (ok)<\/code> \u6216 Verification: OK<\/code> \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u68c0\u67e5\u624d\u7b97\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f9d\u8d56\u79c1\u6709 CA\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u786e\u8ba4 CA \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n \u5339\u914d\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6<\/h3>\n \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u63e1\u624b\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e0a\u6e38\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7 TLS 1.2\uff0c\u800c Nginx \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u53cc\u65b9\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4fbf\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u62a5\u544a 502\u3002<\/p>\n \u68c0\u67e5\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5c06 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684 ssl_protocols<\/code> \u548c ssl_ciphers<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u542f\u7528\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u6269\u5927\u517c\u5bb9\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d Nginx\uff0c\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528 openssl s client \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u63e1\u624b\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4fee\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5148\u770b\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u5219\u3001Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5c42\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u9760\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u6211\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u627e\u5230\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4efd\u6e05\u5355\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u5907\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4e8b\u6545\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n \n \u9996\u5148\u9605\u8bfb Nginx \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n \u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u6e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u3002<\/li>\n \u4f7f\u7528 curl \u6216 telnet \u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n \u9a8c\u8bc1 proxy_pass\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n \u68c0\u67e5 SELinux\u3001AppArmor \u548c TLS \u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a 502 Bad Gateway \u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u6b21\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u53d1\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0a\u6e38\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u68c0\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa Nginx \u4ee3\u7406\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u9632\u5927\u591a\u6570 502 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u5927\u591a\u6570 502 Bad Gateway \u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u5e94\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u6e38\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u6211\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728 Nginx \u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u7aef\uff1f<\/h3>\n Nginx \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u51fa\u73b0 connection refused \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u540e\u7aef\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\uff1b\u51fa\u73b0 timeout \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u6162\u3002Nginx \u53ea\u662f\u62a5\u544a\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n \u5373\u4f7f\u5e94\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 502 \u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u4f1a\u3002\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u4e91\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728 Nginx \u4e0e\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e22\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece Nginx \u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528 curl \u6216 telnet \u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u62e6\u622a\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 502 \u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u4e0a\u6e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u88ab\u5360\u6ee1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u6162\u3002Nginx \u6301\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u5148\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d85\u65f6\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u4e0a\u6e38\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n \u6211\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u627e\u5230\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff1f<\/h3>\n \u4ece\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u6e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7f29\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u5b9a\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6545\u969c\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" HTTP 502 \u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u77ac\u95f4\u53d7\u963b\u3002\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u4eae\u8d77\u544a\u8b66\u3002\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\uff1aNginx \u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e4b\u540e\u3002 \u672c\u6307\u5357\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u9010\u6b65\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u627e\u51fa Nginx \u4e2d 502 Bad Gateway \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f60\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u6211\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u627e\u5230\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u4ece\u4ee3\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u5c42\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u5219\u3001Nginx 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More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[13502,13503,13504,13505,13506],"class_list":["post-34908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hong-kong-dedicated-server-sc","tag-nginx-502-error","tag-bad-gateway-troubleshooting","tag-upstream-server-failure","tag-reverse-proxy-error","tag-gateway-timeout-diagnosis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n