{"id":17613,"date":"2024-10-17T12:18:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T04:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simcentric.com\/uncategorized-sc\/how-to-determine-file-types-in-linux-with-the-file-command\/"},"modified":"2024-10-17T13:56:34","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T05:56:34","slug":"how-to-determine-file-types-in-linux-with-the-file-command","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.simcentric.com\/sc\/hong-kong-dedicated-server-sc\/how-to-determine-file-types-in-linux-with-the-file-command\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528file\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df,\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1,\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Linux<\/a>\u7684’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177,\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027,\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

‘file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/strong><\/h2>\n

‘file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9,\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d,\u800c\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u4ef7\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

‘file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355:<\/p>\n

file [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4f8b\u5b50:<\/p>\n
$ file \/etc\/passwd\r\n\/etc\/passwd: ASCII text\r\n\r\n$ file \/bin\/bash\r\n\/bin\/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64\r\n\r\n$ file image.jpg\r\nimage.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01<\/code><\/pre>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
\u9ad8\u7ea7’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u6c34\u5e73,\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879:<\/p>\n
1. \u83b7\u53d6MIME\u7c7b\u578b (-i)<\/h3>\n
$ file -i script.py\r\nscript.py: text\/x-python; charset=us-ascii<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u68c0\u67e5\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 (-z)<\/h3>\n
$ file -z compressed.gz\r\ncompressed.gz: ASCII text (gzip compressed data)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u7b80\u6d01\u6a21\u5f0f (-b)<\/h3>\n
$ file -b \/etc\/hosts\r\nASCII text<\/code><\/pre>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6,’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528:<\/p>\n
1. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u9875\u8d44\u6e90<\/h3>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b:<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\nfor file in \/var\/www\/html\/*; do\r\n    echo \"$(file -b \"$file\"): $file\"\r\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n
\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f:<\/p>\n
$ file \/var\/log\/*.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5<\/h3>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u5185\u5bb9:<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\nupload=\"\/path\/to\/upload\/directory\"\r\nfor file in \"$upload\"\/*; do\r\n    if file \"$file\" | grep -qi \"executable\"; then\r\n        echo \"\u8b66\u544a: \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 - $file\"\r\n    fi\r\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210’file’<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668,\u5c06’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b:<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\n\r\ndirectory=\"\/path\/to\/examine\"\r\n\r\ndeclare -A file_types\r\n\r\nwhile IFS= read -r -d '' file; do\r\n    type=$(file -b \"$file\")\r\n    file_types[\"$type\"]=$((file_types[\"$type\"] + 1))\r\ndone < <(find \"$directory\" -type f -print0)\r\n\r\necho \"\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u5e03:\"\r\nfor type in \"${!file_types[@]}\"; do\r\n    echo \"$type: ${file_types[$type]}\"\r\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=\"blog-detail-section\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927,'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u975e\u4e07\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5904\u7406\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e13\u6709\u683c\u5f0f\u6216\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528'libmagic'\u7b49\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=\"blog-detail-section\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u638c\u63e1'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u6539\u53d8\u8005\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u5408\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u60a8\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c,\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027,\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u6574\u4e2a\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=\"blog-detail-section\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u95ee: 'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u7528?<\/h3>\n
\u7b54: \u662f\u7684,'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5de5\u5177,\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u6240\u6709Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u7528,\u5305\u62ec\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95ee: 'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5417?<\/h3>\n
\u7b54: \u867d\u7136'file'\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b,\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u68c0\u6d4b\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u626b\u63cf\u65f6,\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9632\u75c5\u6bd2\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95ee: \u5982\u4f55\u5728Windows\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c'file'\u7684\u529f\u80fd?<\/h3>\n
\u7b54: Windows\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u547d\u4ee4,\u4f46PowerShell\u7684'Get-ItemProperty' cmdlet\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u5339\u914d,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528Windows\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edffor Linux (WSL)\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177,\u5982GnuWin32\u7684'file'\u79fb\u690d\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528Linux 'file'\u547d\u4ee4,\u60a8\u5c06\u63d0\u5347\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u529b,\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177,\u7ed3\u5408\u60a8\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6,\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u628a\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text] \u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df,\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1,\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Linux\u7684’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177,\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027,\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u3002 [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text] ‘file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u672c\u8d28 ‘file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9,\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d,\u800c\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u4ef7\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002 [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text] \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7528\u6cd5 ‘file’\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355: file [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4f8b\u5b50: $ file \/etc\/passwd \/etc\/passwd: ASCII text $ file \/bin\/bash \/bin\/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64 $ file image.jpg image.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01 [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”blog-detail-section”][vc_column][vc_column_text] \u9ad8\u7ea7’file’\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879 \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u6c34\u5e73,\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879: 1. \u83b7\u53d6MIME\u7c7b\u578b (-i) $ file -i script.py script.py: text\/x-python; charset=us-ascii […]<\/p>\n
Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":17608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[4138,4139,1551,353,265],"class_list":["post-17613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hong-kong-dedicated-server-sc","tag-linux-file-command-sc","tag-file-type-identification-sc","tag-server-management-sc","tag-server-rental-sc","tag-265"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528file\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how to leverage the Linux 'file' command to identify file types on Hong Kong servers. 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